Melatonine CAS 73-31-4, Melatonine, CAS 73-31-4
Melatonin (CAS 73-31-4), as the core substance for endogenous sleep regulation, its value and risks need to be scientifically weighed:Irreplaceable physiological functions: Precisely regulate the circadian rhythm, and a small dose (0.5-3 mg) can improve sleep efficiency.
73-31-4
C13H16N2O2
232.28
200-797-7
| CAS | 73-31-4 |
| Molecular formula | C13H16N2O2 |
| Molecular weight | 232.28 |
| EIENCS | 200-797-7 |
| Form | Powder |
| Melting point | 116.5-118 °C |
| boling point | 374.44°C |
| Density | 1.1099 |
| Solubility | Soluble in ethanol to at least 50mg/ml |
| PKA | 16.26±0.46(Predicted) |
| Color | white to off-white |
| Storage temp | -20°C |
1. Biosynthetic pathways
Raw materials: L-tryptophan → 5-hydroxytryptophan → 5-hydroxytryptamine → N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamine → Melatonin.
Regulatory mechanism
Controlled by photoperiod, the dark environment stimulates the secretion of the pineal gland. The concentration at night is 5 to 10 times higher than that during the day, with the peak occurring between 2 and 4 a.m.
Age influence: After the age of 35, the secretion volume decreases by 10-15% every 10 years, and the rhythm disappears in old age.
2. Core physiological functions
Regulating the circadian rhythm: By activating the MT1/MT2 receptors in the brain, it inhibits neuronal discharge and promotes the synchronization of the sleep-wake cycle.
Antioxidant effect: Eliminates free radicals and protects cells from oxidative damage (more effective than glutathione).
Immune regulation: Enhance NK cell activity and inhibit the release of inflammatory factors.
Melatonin (CAS 73-31-4), as the core substance for endogenous sleep regulation, its value and risks need to be scientifically weighed:
Irreplaceable physiological functions: Precisely regulate the circadian rhythm, and a small dose (0.5-3 mg) can improve sleep efficiency.
Clear safety boundary: High safety in short-term use, but excessive inhibition of gonadal development in the long term (R60 risk marker);
Emerging markets explode: Aging and the sleep economy drive the demand for health supplements to increase by more than 10% annually.
1. Treatment of sleep disorders (leading application
● Shorten the time to fall asleep: Oral administration of 0.5 to 5 mg can reduce the average time to fall asleep by 7 minutes and extend the total sleep time by 8 minutes.
● Applicable population
○ Jet lag syndrome (take before going to bed after crossing 5+ time zones)
○ Insomnia in middle-aged and elderly people (those over 55 years old with atrophy of the pineal gland)
○ Sleep disorders in children (requiring doctor's guidance).
2. Other medical and health applications
● Anti-aging: Inhibits the production of glucocorticoids and delays cellular aging.
● Skin whitening: Inhibits melanin production, used in whitening cosmetics (addition amount 0.1-1%).
● Neuroprotection: Alleviates hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and reduces the apoptosis rate of neurons.
3. Food and health products
● Dietary supplements: In China, the daily intake is stipulated to be 1 to 3 mg, used to regulate sleep (such as the main component of "Brain Platinum").
● Natural sources: sour cherries, walnuts, tomatoes (walnuts have the highest content).
1. Toxicity data
Acute toxicity：Rat oral LD₅₀ > 3200 mg/kg (actually non-toxic).
Long-term safety：
Short-term (≤4 weeks) adverse reaction rate < 3%, including drowsiness, dizziness and headache;
Long-term high-dose (> 10 mg per day may inhibit gonadal development and lower body temperature.
2. People who should avoid or use with caution
| Crowd | Risk |
|---|---|
Pregnant and lactating women | Hormones interfere with fetal development |
Patients with autoimmune diseases | It may activate an immune response |
Patients with depression | Aggravate emotional disorders |
Teenagers | Inhibitory sexual maturity (insufficient evidence but caution is needed) |
Protective requirements：Wear gloves/goggles when operating to avoid inhaling dust.
Waste liquid treatment：Adsorbed with sand and then burned, prohibited discharge into water bodies (for fish) LC₅₀ > 1000 mg/L.
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