Phenol CAS 108-95-2, Phenol, CAS 108-95-2
Molecular formula: C₆H₅OH,Molecular weight: 94.11,Appearance: Colorless needle-like crystals (pure product), oxidizing to pink to red when exposed to air for a long time.
108-95-2
C6H6O
94.11
203-632-7
CAS | 108-95-2 |
Molecular formula | C6H6O |
Molecular weight | 94.11 |
EIENCS | 203-632-7 |
Form | liquid |
Melting point | 40-42°C |
boling point | 182°C |
Density | 1.071 g/mL at 25°C |
Solubility | H2O: 50 mg/mL at 20 °C, clear, colorless |
PKA | 9.89(at 20℃) |
Color | faintly yellow |
Storage temp | 2-8°C |
Molecules and physicochemical parameters
Molecular formula: C₆H₅OH
Molecular weight: 94.11
Appearance: Colorless needle-like crystals (pure product), oxidizing to pink to red when exposed to air for a long time.
Melting and boiling points: Melting point 40-42°C, boiling point 181.9°C.
Solubility
Slightly soluble in water at room temperature (about 8.3g /100g), and miscible with water above 65°C.
It is readily soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, chloroform and glycerol.
Acidity and alkalinity: Weakly acidic (pKa≈10), stronger than alcohols but weaker than carbonic acid, and can form sodium phenolate with NaOH.
Characteristics and Reactions
Color development reaction: It turns purple when encountering ferric chloride (FeCl₃) (a characteristic reaction of phenolic hydroxyl groups).
Substitution reaction: It forms a white precipitate of 2,4, 6-tribromophenol with bromine water (qualitative detection).
Oxidizing property: Slowly oxidizes to quinones in the air, and the color deepens.
Industrial synthesis
Resin manufacturing: Producing phenolic resin (bakelite) and epoxy resin (accounting for more than 50% of global consumption).
Chemical intermediates: Synthesis of bisphenol A (raw material for polycarbonate), caprolactam (monomer of nylon-6), salicylic acid (precursor of aspirin).
Solvents and additives: Extraction solvents in petroleum refining, rubber anti-aging agents.
Pharmaceuticals and daily chemicals
Disinfectant: 1-5% solution is used for disinfecting instruments, and 0.5% is used for preserving biological preparations.
Skin medication
1% solution for relieving itching; 2% ointment for treating fungal infections (such as tinea manus and pedis);
Apply a 95% solution locally to remove spots (neutralization with ethanol for anti-corrosion purposes is required).
Special preparation: Phenol iodochlorogel (phenol + iodoform + calcium chloride) is used for non-surgical sterilization of women (success rate 90.38%).
Scientific Research and Agriculture
Analytical reagents: Colorimetric method for detecting nitrates and metal ions.
Pesticide synthesis: Production of herbicides (such as 2,4-D) and insecticides.
Health hazard
Acute toxicity
The oral LD₅₀ of rats was 317 mg/kg, and the lethal dose for humans was approximately 1 g/kg.
Inhalation of vapor causes pulmonary edema, and skin contact leads to necrosis (corrosive at concentrations above 20%).
Chronic effects: Long-term exposure leads to liver and kidney function damage and dermatitis. IARC classifies it as a Group 3 carcinogen (possibly carcinogenic).
Operation protection
Essential equipment: Gas mask, chemical protective glasses, anti-corrosion gloves (made of nitrile), gas suit.
Leakage treatment
A small amount: After adsorption, the sand and soil should be disposed of as hazardous waste.
In large quantities: Build embankments, cover with foam to prevent evaporation, and prohibit direct water flushing.
Storage requirements
Cool and well-ventilated (≤35℃), away from light and moisture (humidity ≤80%);
Incompatible substances: Strong oxidants, strong acids, strong bases (to prevent violent reactions).
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